Canibais e Reis

Seguem-se 4 artigos do Prof. Bodo Melnik, do Dept. de Dermatologia da Universidade de Osnabrueck, na Alemanha. Uma pergunta muito legítima que hoje se pode colocar é se o leite causa acne. Qualquer dermatologista lhe dirá que não, que o acne não está relacionado com a dieta, mas existe muita evidência científica para contrariar esta ideia.

Milk–the promoter of chronic Western diseases. (pdf)

Melnik BC.

Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, D-49090 Osnabrück, Germany. melnik@t-online.de

Common chronic diseases of Western societies, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, hypertension, obesity, dementia, and allergic diseases are significantly influenced by dietary habits. Cow’s milk and dairy products are nutritional staples in most Western societies. Milk and dairy product consumption is recommended by most nutritional societies because of their beneficial effects for calcium uptake and bone mineralization and as a source of valuable protein. However, the adverse long-term effects of milk and milk protein consumption on human health have been neglected. A hypothesis is presented, showing for the first time that milk protein consumption is an essential adverse environmental factor promoting most chronic diseases of Western societies. Milk protein consumption induces postprandial hyperinsulinaemia and shifts the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis to permanently increased IGF-1 serum levels. Insulin/IGF-1 signalling is involved in the regulation of fetal growth, T-cell maturation in the thymus, linear growth, pathogenesis of acne, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, thus affecting most chronic diseases of Western societies. Of special concern is the possibility that milk intake during pregnancy adversely affects the early fetal programming of the IGF-1 axis which will influence health risks later in life. An accumulated body of evidence for the adverse effects of cow’s milk consumption from fetal life to childhood, adolescence, adulthood and senescence will be provided which strengthens the presented hypothesis.

 

Role of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. (pdf)

Melnik BC, Schmitz G.

Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.

Please cite this paper as: Role of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Experimental Dermatology 2009.Abstract: It is the purpose of this viewpoint article to delineate the regulatory network of growth hormone (GH), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signalling during puberty, associated hormonal changes in adrenal and gonadal androgen metabolism, and the impact of dietary factors and smoking involved in the pathogenesis of acne. The key regulator IGF-1 rises during puberty by the action of increased GH secretion and correlates well with the clinical course of acne. In acne patients, associations between serum levels of IGF-1, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, dihydrotestosterone, acne lesion counts and facial sebum secretion rate have been reported. IGF-1 stimulates 5alpha-reductase, adrenal and gonadal androgen synthesis, androgen receptor signal transduction, sebocyte proliferation and lipogenesis. Milk consumption results in a significant increase in insulin and IGF-1 serum levels comparable with high glycaemic food. Insulin induces hepatic IGF-1 secretion, and both hormones amplify the stimulatory effect of GH on sebocytes and augment mitogenic downstream signalling pathways of insulin receptors, IGF-1 receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor-2b. Acne is proposed to be an IGF-1-mediated disease, modified by diets and smoking increasing insulin/IGF1-signalling. Metformin treatment, and diets low in milk protein content and glycaemic index reduce increased IGF-1 signalling. Persistent acne in adulthood with high IGF-1 levels may be considered as an indicator for increased risk of cancer, which may require appropriate dietary intervention as well as treatment with insulin-sensitizing agents.

 

Permanent impairment of insulin resistance from pregnancy to adulthood: The primary basic risk factor of chronic Western diseases. (pdf)

Melnik BC.

Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Division of Human Sciences, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, D-49090 Osnabrück, Germany.

Besides its well appreciated role in diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance (IR) is associated with smoking, use of hormonal contraceptives, androgens, glucocorticoids, beta-adrenergic blockers, thiazide diuretics, intake of food with high glycaemic index, and reduced physical activity. IR increases serum hormone levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which are most important mediators of cell proliferation, differentiation and inhibitors of apoptosis. Milk and dairy are introduced as new risk factors inducing IR, the physiologic growth-promoting principle of mammalian milk. This hypothesis explains IR as the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of all major risk factors of chronic Western diseases. Evidence will be provided which supports that Western life style permanently boosters IR from intrauterine life to senescence. It becomes detrimental when the human intrinsic insulin/IGF-1-axis is continuously superimposed by external IR-potentiating effectors. This hypothesis can be proved by monitoring and proper adjustment of all aggravating effectors of IR. An all-encompassing consideration of IR-inducing risk factors from the beginning of life to adulthood appears to be of crucial importance for the prevention and treatment of chronic Western diseases.

Download: milk-consumption-acne.pdf (603 kb).